- also known as Scythians or Kshatrapas
- arrived from Indo-Bactrian area in many branches, such as:
- Kabul Branch.
- Kandhar Branch.
- Kashmir Branch.
- Gujrat Branch.
- Gujrat Branch also known as Western Kshatrapas was the most important.
- Rudradaman was the most important ruler of this branch his known for the very famous Junagarh inscription it was the first inscription which was written in pure Sanskrit
- In this inscription, he wrote he defeated Satvahana ruler Vasisthiputra twice
- but spared his life to respect the matrimonial alliance b/w the two kingdoms
- He further added: Sudarshan Lake which was created by the Governor of Chandragupta Maurya, was also repaired by Rudradaman.
- Malwa Branch: defeated by a local ruler of Ujjain who took title of Vikramaditya in 57 BC and created Vikram Samvat.
- With the name of Vikramaditya, there were fourteen rulers in India, out of which the most famous was Chandragupta II.