Constructive Work

• education for poor since it is normally costly
• cultural nationalism in syllabus
• vernacular
• focus on skill dev
• $\therefore$ focus on swadeshi skill
  • handicraft
  • charkha, khadi
• goal to increase income of poor masses, $\therefore$ focusing on swadeshi goods
  • promote swadeshi good among rich to create demand
• pooling of money by community to get loans to community members (similar to coop banks)
  • traditional banks don’t give loans to poor
• community / joint labour for community members (similar to SHG)
  • no money to hire labour individually
• focus on social/community unity
  • goal = community self help
  • atmashakti
• $\therefore$ CW = atmashakti of individual or community
  • unity
  • national education
  • skill development
  • focus on spirituality
• anti-liquor campaign
• apoliticial, but gave political benefits too
  • $\therefore$ in passive phase, INC did Constructive work
    • promoted cultural nationalism
    • popularized by CW
    • social unity
    • later led to stronger mass movements
• M Gandhi used CW to train people in non violent Satyagrah

CW by

• social reformers
  • Swami Vivekananda
• extremists and M Gandhi
• class organizations