Revivalism (1875+)

Negative and Positive

• negative: one’s religion supreme and others inferior
• positive: one’s religion supreme, but respect for others too

• Hindu Revivalism (-ve): past glorious but degeneration under Muslim & Christian rule. Religions apart from Hinduism are inferior
  • $=$ anti universalism
• Post 1857 revivalism $\because$ high british criticism of Indian civilization
  • $\therefore$ now reforming $=$ accepting we are uncivilized
• strong cultural nationalism behind revivalism
• Ram Krishna Paramhansa, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda = +ve revivalists, but later rise of -ve hindu revivalism