- 22 policemen burnt alive after police shot dead 3 satyagrahi 🙁
- MG withdrew NCM
- mvmt by masses stop
- NC by INC was to continue
- suspended CDM
After Chauri Chaura incident, 19 protesters were hanged to death.
Bardoli Resolution
- training in Constructive Work must before next mvmt
Results (negative)
- Participation
- low participation of WEMC in boycott of institutions
- as personal loss of money for WEMC & MG initially rural leader
- low capitalist participation (eg importers still importing brit goods)
- expensive khadi
- not enough National Educational Institutes
- eg Swadeshi Movement
- low participation of WEMC in boycott of institutions
- Anti untouchability priority only for MG
- INC dominated by upper class, don’t know untouchable life
- Mvmt turned violent
- communal violence due to high religiosity & role of Ulemas in mobilizing Muslims
- eg Mophla Revolt in Malabar in 1921 & communal violence across India 1922-24
- Hindu Muslim unity was tepmorary (Tilak correct)
- Revolutionaries joined NCM but highly disappointed by its withdrawl
- link, Fituri by Alluri Sitaramaraju (1857)
- Khilafat movement ended when Turks ended the Caliphate w/ Secular Republic in 1924 under Ataturk
Results (positive)
- Rowlatt Act repealed
- INC in NWFP became popular party. Chief commissioner province/UT from Punjab in 1901 ful province in 1932
- Strong participation in worker classes eg JM Sengupta led strikes in Assam and during Prince of Wales visit in 1921
- worker class: swadeshi, education, HRL
- even revolutionaries joined & strong peasants participated and mvmt organized by the peasants in NCM
- INC leaders raised ryots issues & vice versa
- tribal participation by violating forest laws in Andhra Pradesh (Aaluri Sitaram Raju)
- Untouchability first time became issue of mainstream politics
- great show of hindu muslim unity (except in Malabar)
- economic boycott: brit imports halved
- council boycott: only 5% voted in 1920 elections to CLA
- anti liquor campaign successful
- led to participation of women
- new regions participated: gujrat, Sindh, NWFP, South India, UP
- here first time action
- in Home Rule Leagues (1916-18): only education (but no action)
- strong regional leadership emerged of Bose, Patel, Nehru
- like HRL 1618
- In Akali Movement, Akalis supported NCM from 1921 rise of nationalism in punjab