2 major routes
- Sea: Mumbai to Karachi
- Land: via Wagah border through trucks
But trade is low
- geopolitical tensions (esp Cross Border Terrorism from Pakistan to India) have impacted trade and commerce engagement
- eg. post Pulwama attack 2019, India revoked MFN status given to Pak and also hiked customs duty on Pakistan's imports to 200%
- Pakistan also suspended trade w/ India in 2019
- however, argued that present Pakistani establishment is trying to normalize indo pak relations esp trade ties
- Pak’s attempt to revive bilateral trade have often been stumped by domestic politics & revisionist policies
Revisionist Policy
A revisionist state suffers from fear, greed or some kind of insecurity. These states adopt backward looking policies.
- high tariff/ non tariff barriers
- dysfunctionality of SAARC and SAFTA
- blatantly flouted norms of SAFTA making it ineffective
- failure of confidence building measures: both military & non military