• steep slope
  • Earthquake
    • leads to slope instability
  • volcanic eruption
    • central eruption
  • housing construction
    • mass over the slope ⬆️
    • violation of Building Bye laws of India
  • Mining & Quarrying
    • excavation ➡️ hollow slopes
    • absence of base
  • road construction
    • baseless slopes
    • easy sliding
  • high rainfall & deforestation