- promoted INC in villages
INC becomes party of masses
Earlier, INC was dominated by moderates and grassroot reach was non existent.
- 1917: Besant arrested
- energized movement 💪
- even moderates joined ✒️
- S. Iyer gave up his knighthood 👑
- M Gandhi began signature campaign 🖋🖊️
- Besant released, made INC President @ Calcutta Session 1917
- Divide & Rule by brits
- Montague: “Will give Swaraj gradually”
- Passive resistance: Non cooperation & civil disobedience programs suggested by the extremists but Besant finally sided with moderates
- HRL defunct
- education not converted into mass action 😩
FAILURE! 😒
Extremists failed for second time in taking over INC.