Spot billed pelican
- NT ➡️ IUCN
Stump-Tailed Macaques
- Vulnerable, schedule-2
Cheetah
- Vulnerable
Pygmy Hog
- critically endangered
- schedule-I, WPA1972
- indicator species
- home building w/ roof
- Manas NP (Assam)
Malabar Civet
- endemic to western ghats
- Critically endangered
- habitat loss
Namdapha Flying squirrel
- nocturnal, arboreal
- endemic to Arunachal Pradesh
- Namdapha National Park
- Critically Endangered
Greater One-horned rhino
- Vulnerable
Dhol
- Red dog
- Endangered
Golden Langur
- Western Assam
- Endangered
Nilgiri Tahr
- State animal ➡️ T.N
- endangered
- endemic to Western ghats
Blackbuck
- only in India
- state animal for
- Punjab
- Haryana
- Andhra
- Schedule 1
- least concern
Red Panda
- endangered
- schedule 1
- state animal ➡️ Sikkim
- nocturnal
Protected Areas
| Protected Sites | State | Special Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Kaimur WLS | Bihar | Largest WLS |
| Bhimbandh WLS | Bihar | |
| Gajner WLS | Rajasthan | bird species |
| Manas Tiger Reserve | Assam | largest |
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
- largest in India
- inside Nallamala forest area
- over five districts in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
- Krishna river intersects the region
- Hardwickia forest
Kamlang Tiger Reserve
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Mishmi, Digaro Mishmi tribal people
- Glow lake
Mudumalai Tiger Reserve
- TN
- tri-junction of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
- moyar river
- PVTG ➡️ Kattunayakan tribe
Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
- T.N
- Western Ghats
- p/o Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
Melghat Tiger Reserve
- Tapti tributs.
- Satpura hills, Maharashtra
- korku tribes
Reef distribution in India
| Major Reef Type | Places |
|---|---|
| Fringing | - Gulf of Mannar - Palk Bay - Andaman (fringing & barrier) |
| Patchy | - Ratnagiri - Malvan coasts |
| Platform | - Gulf of Kachchh |
| Atoll | - Lakshadweep |
Only herbivore mammal to be strictly marine
Dugong
- vulnerable, schedule-1
- sea cows
Velds
- Temperate grassland of South Africa
- mild climate due to Indian Ocean influence
- bound by
- Drakensberg mountains
- Kalahari Desert
Indian Turtles
Red Crowned Roofed Turtles - Batagur Kachuga
- Appendix I of CITES
- India, Nepal, Bangladesh
- Ganga-brahmaputra basin
Leith’s Soft-Shell Turtle
- appendix-I
- south India
- Cauvery-Tungabhadra-Godavari
Bio-geo-graphic zones
- 10 such in India
divided into ➡️ 27 provinces
CITES
- drafted by IUCN
- administered by UNEP
Biosphere Reserves u/ MAB list
MAB Sites (Man and Biosphere)
- 1st site➡️ Nilgiri (silent valley)
- 2nd site➡️ Nanda devi
- mixed site➡️ Khangchendzonga
Vernalization
- induction of a plant’s flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter
- shortens the vegetative phase
- accelerate the flowering process
Keibul Lamjao National Park
world’s only floating national park
State Butterflies
Total 7 states have done it
- Maharashtra ➡️ first
- Karnataka ➡️ Southern Birdwings
- largest
- Arunachal ➡️ kaiser-i-hind
Ken-Betwa Interlinking Canal
- Ken ➡️ MP
- Betwa ➡️ UP (Bundelkhand) - drought
- Daudhan dam on ken
- Panna Tiger reserve
Types of Hydrogen
- Black ➡️ fossil fuels
- Turquoise ➡️ Methane pyrolysis
- Pink ➡️ nuclear power src.
- Green ➡️ renewable src.
- Brown ➡️ coal
- Grey ➡️ natural gas
- White ➡️ naturally occuring, geologic/natural Au
Himachal Pradesh
- highest no. of sacred grooves
Estuary
Ecosystem
- w/ highest net primary productivity
Terms & Meanings
Olericulture
- vegetable
Pomology
- Fruit crops
Silviculture
- Forest management
Sericulture
- silkworms
Apiculture
- honey bees
| kharif | Rabi |
|---|---|
| paddy | wheat |
| jowar | gram |
| bajra | pea |
| tur | mustard |
| moong | linseed |
| urad | Sesamum(south) |
| cotton | castor seed |
| jute | |
| soyabean | |
| Sesamum(north) | |
| castor seed |
Phumdis
floating grasslands at Manipur
Only state with NO NP
- Punjab
Largest NP area wise
Hemis NP (Ladakh)
- followed by Desert NP(Rajasthan)
TEEB
The Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity
- UNEP, GEI(green economy initiative)
- global economic benefits of biodiversity
Clarion Clipperton Zone
- deep sea area in Pacific
- Mn Nodule mining
World's first NP
Yellow Stone NP