Background
- post WWII: decolonization
- multilateral institutions (WB, IMF) provided financial assistance to poorer countries
- due to bad governance, failure to repay debt from member countries
- Washington Consensus: conditions to provide fresh financial assistance
- 1992: WB introduced Good Governance as part of loan and aid conditions
- focus on reforming functioning of political & administrative systems of member countries
- later, UN developed UNDP
8 features of Good Governance
- Transparency (eg RTI)
- Accountability (RTI, eGovernance)
- Participation (Citizen charter, Gram Sabha, eGovernance)
- Consensus oriented (GST)
- Rule of Law
- Economy & Efficiency (PM Gati Shakti)
- Inclusiveness & Equity
- Responsiveness (PMGKAY during Covid)