Facts
- first indian: Satyendranath Tagore
- Surendranath Banerji was dismissed (racial discrimination)
Training
- 1806-1858: Haileybury College
- 1858+: in Brit universities
- initially all were civil services as provincial civil services not set up
- Cornwallis 8693 reorganized into CCS and UCS based on nature of work, pay & appt. authority
- merit based selection
- curbed pvt trade
Charter Act 1833
(refer: Charter Act 1833)
- judiciary and UCS opened to indians
- Bentick (1828-35) encouraged recruitment of Indians in some senior positions
- exam finally introduced by Charter Act 1853
Chronology
- 1854: Committee of Parl headed by Macaulay also supported idea of Permanent CS recruited thru exam instead of patronage based CS
- 1854: Civil Services Commission set up in London
- 1855: 1st exam held in London. Indians eligible too.
- age limit: 19-23
- syllabus: dominated by eng liturature
- After GoI Act 1858, training did not take place at Haileybury College, but took place at various British colleges in England
- 1860+: INM pressurized for indianization of CS
- higher age limit
- exam in india
- 1864: first indian civil servant: Satendranath Tagore
- Statutory CS Act 1878: entry to indians in CCS via nomination allowed; only loyalists chosen though
Atchinson Commission
- change in CCS, UCS to ICS, PCS, Subordinate CS (equivalent to SSC today)
1912 Islington Commission Report
- published in 1917
- recommended
- 25% indians in seniors positions via exam + promotions
- hold simultaneous exam in india
- todo links to Moderates, extremists, Swadeshi 1907, Revolutionaries 1908+, HRL 1916-18
Government of India Act 1919/ Montague Chemsford Reforms
- led to first simultaneous exam in 1922
- led to division of subjects b/w centre & provinces
graph LR
A["Indian Civil
Services"]
B["All India
Services"]
C["Central
Services"]
A --> B & C
- 33% Indians in ICS
- Public Service Commission for India exam (set up in 1926)
1923 Lee/ Royal Commission on Superior CS
- report published in 1924
- suggested composition
- 20% indians via promitions
- 20% indians via exam
- 40% brits via exam
- achieved above in 15 years
- continue with AIS, Central CS, PCS, exam in India, Londen
- implement GoI Act 1919 @ PCS
- set up in Oct 1926
- Ross Barker 1st Chairman
Government of India Act 1935
- proposed united india, therefore set up Federal PCS (1937) and Provincial PCS
Independent India
- UPSC set up via Article 378 of Constitution of India adopted on 26 January 1950
- by 1947, 50% Indians were in AIS/CCS