- most complex with any of India’s neighbors
- cyclical, w/ ups & downs
- story of antagonism and fatal miscalculation
- largely depends upon nature of Pak as a State
- complex nature of inda pak relations largely due to complex nature of pak
- Pak can be considered a Deep State
Deep State
Type of governance made of a potential secret & unauthorized network of power operating independently of the State’s political leadership. Also known as State within State or Shadow Government.
- Army in Pak desc. as State within State
- ppl said to suffer from democratic deficit
- legitimation crisis
- shrinking public space
- argued that Pak sufers from existential crisis from India 🤯
- negatively influences its socio-eco dev
- in quest of considering itself as an anti-thesis of India, often argued that Pak turned itself into a rentier state
- allowed third actors to interfere in an already complex indo-pak relations
Failure of Democratic Peace Theory 😔 ⚔️
The theory says that democracies are less likely to go to war w/ each other. However, India - Pak has seen not only conventional war, but also sub-conventional warfare.
Sub Conventional War
Proxy warfare:
- militancy
- insurgency
- infiltration
- cross border terrorism