Kyoto Protocol

• CoP 3, 1997 - Kyoto
  • 11^th Feb 2005 ➡️ got enforced
    • 75% of Annexure - 1 ratified it
    • USA never ratified ⛔
• Central principle ➡️ CBDR

Objective

• to reduce global GHG emissions
  • by 5% ➡️ 1990 levels
    • by the end of First Commitment Period

Categorisation of Countries

• Annexure - 1
  • Annexure - 2
• Non-Annexure Countries

2012 ➡️ 2 more Annexures were added

• Annexure - B
• Developing Countries
  • no more in Non-Annexure Countries

refer:

• Kyoto Flexible Mechanism ➡️ approved by CoP 7, 2001 - Marrakesh
• Second Commitment Period marked it’s end.