Pak emerged to be biggest foreign policy challenge for India & crucial actor in the SA region.

Location

Border sharing

  • Pak shares border w/
    • 3 indian states - Guj, Raj, Punjab
    • 2 UT - J&K, Ladakh

Security concerns

Due to border sharing, there are security threats from Pak

  • External threats: War, aggression. 4 times (1948, 1965, 1971, 1999)
  • Internal threats: cross border terrorism, drug trafficking, proxy warfare, human trafficking, militancy, islamic radicalization, fake currency, illegal weapon smuggling

Gateway to Central Asia

  • Pak lies in region where SA converges w/ CA & WA
    • Pak also considered zipper state
  • situated at doorway to energy surplus WA & resource rich CA
  • proximity w/ India, China, Iran
    • strategically imp for india