- weaknesses in decision making or implementation
- absolute monopoly of state over resource allocation
- high secrecy in decision making, implementation
- corruption
- misuse/abuse of power
- nepotism, favoritism
- prejudices
- absence of citizen participation in decision making, implementation
- centralization of power
- absence of rule of law
- complete absence of accountability mechanisms within administrations
- failure of regulatory authorities to prevent emergence of monopolies
- inability to resolve conflict w/o resorting to violence