Municipalities

• every municipal area shall be divided into territorial constituencies termed wards
• electorate in a ward would choose their representative through direct elections who would be termed ward member
• municipalities of large populations $\to$ Municipal Corporation
• municipalities of small urban areas $\to$ Municipal Council
• area in transition from rural to urban $\to$ Nagar Panchayat

Designation of area based on following factors

• population of area
• density of population
• revenue generated for local administration
• percentage of population in non agricultural activities
• economic importance or such other factors as state govt may deem fit, specifically by public notification for this part

Other Municipal Bodies

Cantonment Board

• Cantonment Act 2006
• elected and nominated members
• 5 yr term
• read head $\to$ CEO (IDES officer)
• commander of military stations is ex officio president of the board

Industrial Towns

• state govt may form a town area committee to provide municipal services in such areas

Fast Developing Urban Areas

• state govt may notify setting up of a notified area committee
• completely nominated body to provide municipal services in area

Ward Committee

• Article 243S: ward committee shall be constituted for one or more wards for any municipality having population $>$ 3L
• composition, manner of election, functions of ward committee determined by State legis
• chairperson $=$
  • ward member, if committee represents one ward
  • if $\ge$ 2 wards, chairperson $=$ one of the members chosen by members of committee

Composition

Article 243R: every municipal body shall consist of

1. directly elected ward members
2. other members to be determined as per law of state legis
   • persons having spl. knowledge & experience in municipal administration
     • no right to vote in proceedings
   • MP, MLA, MLC
     • Chairperson of Ward Committee

Chairperson

mode of choosing chairperson of municipal body determined by state legis. 2 models in India.

• Bombay Model
  • chairperson indirectly elected (Mayor).
  • Ceremonial position; real power lies with a senior bureaucrat.
  • Standing Committees give inputs or advice to Municipal Commissioner.
  • Members of this committee are chosen by elected members of municipal body among themselves.
• Howrah Model
  • followed in most urbanized cities of the world eg. Melbourne, Tokyo etc.

todo handout