- In natural setting
- multiple over-lapping food chains
- single organism ➡️ in multiple Food Chain
- inter-connected Food Chain
- highly complex food web ➡️ stable ecosystem
- any organism / species can be substituted
- E.g.: Tropical rainforest
- simple food web ➡️ vulnerable ecosystem
- E.g.: Soil & Desert ecosystems
- less possibility to replace earthworm
- E.g.: Soil & Desert ecosystems
- highly complex food web ➡️ stable ecosystem