primary goal: political, economic, socio cultural, stability and sustainability
geography & history have huge impact on stability and on reorganization itself
Natural resources: quantity, quality, diversity (i.e. no over dependence one single resource like African countries who suffered economic crash when intl. prices of these resources crashed)
Rivers: esp. significant for agrarian economy
agri productivity & irrigation infro
eg. challenges faced by India in rehabilitation in Indian Punjab
Industrial/Service Sector Infra: esp. equitable distribution of economic hubs
eg. Guj - MH reorg had issue of Bombay
Telangana - Andhra had issue of Hyderabad (Hyd tax revenue 93K Cr)
All factors of production should be within states i.e. raw material, labour, land & capital investment
eg. post reorg responsibility if all hospitals (capital) in one state and all medical colleges (labour) in another
crude oil was in assam but refineries were outside (led to tension in 1970s-80s)
Equitable distribution of human resources and quantity of human resources
eg. NE reorg was resisted by centre due to low population density
∴ smaller staten in NE not good for economy of NE
∴ constitutional mechanisms for economic coordination needed
Geographic Contiguity: impacts ppl to ppl interaction, mvmt of goods, cultural homogeneity
Access to Sea
fishery sector, seaports
Intl. Border?
Domestic interstate trade
Impact on federalism
each state has lesser seat in LS or RS ⟹ less influence at center
no bargaining power to states
Cultural homogeneity based states allow fulfilling aspirations of subcultures
Economic costs of building new capital
eg. 27K Cr cost of new capital of Andhra
Administrative Challenge of civil services reorg
Historical grievances / positives
eg. Telangana region ruled by Nizam as part of Hyderabad PS was underdeveloped compared to coastal Andhra ruled by the British ∴ demand of separate Telangana state despite common Telugu language
Tribal state of Jharkhand was 50yr old demand (fulfilled in 2000)
Adopting cautious step by step approach
create UT first then give statehood when economic and political stability exists