Background
- against Rowlatt Act 1919 (imp. to read)
- started by MG (not INC)
- Feb 1919 by ILC (not by CLA)
- = 2 bills by SK Rowlatt led to continuation of emergency powers of Defence of India Act 1915 (applicable for WWI)
- Reason: Brits anxious about rising Communism after Russion Revolution 1917
- this was breach of promise from Montague Statement
Action
- MG gave call for nationwide non violent strikes
- ∴ first mass strike
- ⟹ all india movement (start of mass politics)
- MG arrested and widespread violence in Punjab
- under LG, O’Dwyer and General Dyer applied martial law in punjab
- 13th April 1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre by Dyer
- Gandhi withdrew mvmt due to violence
Result
- high participation in urban areas by youth etc
- low participation in rural areas
- movement must be well organized for success in faraway rural areas
- MG realized imptance of controlling INC to control masses
- additionally, Indians needing training in Satyagrah