AMC Mock Snippets

Hathigumpha Inscription

• Khandagiri & Udaygiri twin hills
• Bhubaneshwar
• King Kharvela, Mahameghavahana dynasty

Aihole Inscription defeat of Harshvardhan by Pulkeshin(west chalukya)

• by Ravikirti

Kasyapa Matanga introducing Budhdhism to China

Gurjara Pratihara

• founder ➡️ Nagabhatta
• tripartite struggle w/
  • Palas
  • Rashtrakutas
• elaborately covered in Muruj-al-zehab

Miniature painting

• originated by Palas
• Apabhramsa School
  • paper & palm leaves usage
• Delhi Sultanate times ⤵
  • fusion w/ Persian styles

Nasik Caves

• 24 buddhist caves
• Pandav Leni
• water tanks carved out of solid rocks
• from Hinyana to Mahayana
• Brahmi script, Prakrit language

Ajanta Caves

• Sahyadri ranges on Waghora River
  • Aurangabad, Maharashtra
• have both murals & fresco paintings
• tempera style ➡️ use of pigments
• fresco painting technique ➡️ absence of blue colour
• Padmapani & Vajrapani ➡️ painted as shrine guardians
  • ↪️ tribhanga pose
• accounts of
  • Fa Hien (Changragupta II)
  • Hieun Tsang (Harshavardhana)

Ellora Caves

• newer compared to Ajanta
• Maharashtra
• Hindu, Budhdhist, Jain
• hindu caves u/ Kalachuri dynasty
• hindu + budhdhist u/ Rashtrakutas
• jain u/ Yadava
• cave 16 ➡️ Kailasha temple
  • patronage of Rashtrkutan ruler Krishna I
  • ravana shaking kailasha

Udaygiri Caves

• Varaha / Boar incarnation of Vishnu
• MP

Tughlaqs

• introduced Batter System
  • architectural development
  • raised platforms
    • stronger buildings

Taxation u/ FST

• Kharaj ➡️ land
• Zakat ➡️ property
• Khums ➡️ war booty (capital gains tax)
• Jajiya

Pistaq Technique

• Mughal Architecture
• tall gateway

Dandin

• Sanskrit scholar
• 7-8ce
• Narsimharvarman
• wrote ➡️ Dashakumaracharita

Shore Temple

• granite made
• Mahabalipuram
• reign of Rajasimha / Narsimhavarman-II
• dedicated to shiva
• sculpture of Anantashayana Vishnu
• group of monuments of Mahabalipuram ➡️ Mamallapuram
  • UNESCO world heritage site 1984

Konark Sun Temple

• 13th ce
• Narsimhadeva ➡️ Eastern Ganga dynasty
• UNESCO site in 1984
• shape of colossal chariot
• kalinga style architecture
• Black Pagoda

Jagannath Temple White Pagoda

Amoghvarsha

• Rashtrakuta ruler
• jain, shaiva
• Jinasena as the guru, work - Adipurana (digambara)
• authored ➡️ kavirajamarga
  • Kannada

James Princep

• deciphered
  • Brahmi
  • Kharoshthi scripts
• Asiatic Society of Bengal ➡️ Journal

Tevaram / Tiruvacakam

• songs compilations
• Bhakti kaal

Tabular Info

IVC Site	Description
Lothal	- double burial (male & female)
Kalibangan	- fire altars
Banawali	- public drainage system absent

Text	Significance
Vinay Pitaka	rules for sanghik life
Sutta Pitaka	teachings & doctrine of Budhdha
Abhidhamma Pitaka	philosophical analysis

Writer	Book
Al-Masudi	- Siyar-al Mulk - Muruj-al-zehab
Ziya-uddin Barani	- Tarikh-i-Firozshahi - Fatwa Jahandari
Ibn Battuta	- Rihala
Minhas-us Siraj	- Tabaqat-i-Nasiri
Al-Biruni	- Kitab-ul-Hind writer in Gazani times
Firdausi	court poet of Gazani
Abul Fazl	- Akbar Nama
Abdul Hamid Lahori	- Badshah Nama (on Shahjahan)
Shanku (architect)	- shilapashastra
Varahmitra(6ce)	- Panchasiddhantika - Brihatsamhita(encyclo)
Shudraka	- Mricchakatika

Phrase	Ancient Text
Doctrine of Trimurti	Maitrayania Upanishad
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakum	Maha Upanishad
Athiti Devo Bhava	Taittriya Upanishad

Ashokan Eddict	Description
Rummindei	Lumbini tax exemption
Maski	Mauryan rule upto Krishna valley
Kanganahalli	Ranyo ashoka in Brahmi Script

Site	Feature
Tawang	largest Buddhist monastery in India
Nagapattinam	chief buddhist center in Pallava times
Barhut	MP; aniconic phase; Budhdha in symbols

Administration u/ Delhi Sultanate

Diwan-i-Risalat ➡️ appeals Diwan-i-arz ➡️ Military Mustakhraj ➡️ arrears Bandagan ➡️ slaves Qaza-i-Mamalik ➡️ justice kohi ➡️ agriculture khairat ➡️ charity Amil ➡️ headed Paranganas(village grp); collected revenue

Administration u/ Mauryas

Koshthagaradhyaksha ➡️ royal treasury manager Vyabharika ➡️ chief justice Mantrin ➡️ CM Samaharta ➡️ revenue collector

• Yukta ➡️ subordinate revenue officer Karmantika ➡️ Head of industries Dandapala ➡️ Head of Police Prashasti ➡️ Prison Head

Administration u/ Mughals

Mir Bakshi ➡️ military dept head Sadr ➡️ religion, charity diwani kul ➡️ revenue UNDER Aurangzeb

• Polaj ➡️ categories of land cultivated
• Abwab ➡️ extra rax on lands
• Navroz ➡️ persian religious festival
  • also by Balban
• Zawabit ➡️ laws by monarch

Bahmini Kingdom Terminologies

• provinces ➡️ atrafs
  • divided into sarkars
    • divided into parganas
      • village ➡️ lowest unit of admⁿ
• asraf ➡️ foreign minister (vazir-i-asraf)
• jumla ➡️ finance minister (amir-i-jumla)
• sadr-i-jahar ➡️ judicial

Maharshtrikas

• high ranking officer
  • u/ Saatvahanas

Charvaka Philosophy

• by Brihaspati
• materialistic view to attain salvation
• Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
• Lokyata (from common ppl)

Pallava Dynasty

• Narsimhavarman- I
  • Hieun Tsang visit
  • Battle of Manimangalam
    • defeat of chalukyas (Pulakeshin-II)
    • assumed title ➡️ Vatapikonda
  • son ➡️ Mahendravarman
• Narsimhavarman-II
  • Shore Temple

Administration

• largest adm unit ➡️ Kottam
• committee for irrigation tanks ➡️ Vaariyams

Khud-kasht

peasants who owned land they tilled

Muzarians

Tenant farmers

Kamin

landless peasants / labourers