2 Important Principles
Split System
- work of govt broadly split into policy formulation and implementation
- policy formulation responsibility of staff organizations
- implementation are domain of line agencies
| Staff Organizations | Line Organizations |
|---|
| responsible for policy formulation | responsible for policy implementation |
| Central Secretariat, Cabinet Secretariat, PM Office, NITI Aayog | departments, directorates |
| headed by generalist civil servants | headed by specialists |
| advisory power | mandatory power |
| can control functioning of line agencies | mustfunction under staff agencies |
Tenure System
- IAS officers allotted state based cadres at time of recruitment
- cadre based civil service
- expected to work for rest of life in particular cadre
- central secretariat orgs responsible for policy formulation
- India diverse countries: ∴ policy must reflect ground level realities to ensure diversity
- ⟹ civil servants from different states expected to come on deputation to central secretariat orgs for 5 yr tenure
- expected to use field level experience to formulate better policies
- once tenure over, must go back to state