Women Issues and Welfare

Provisions

DPSP

• 39: Equal pay
• 42: Maternity relief
• 44: edu and eco interest of women
• See also: Directive Principles of State Policy

Rights

• 14: equality
• 15: no discrimination
  • 15(3): spl provisions for women & children
• 16: employment
• 21: right to life
  • dignity, protection from sexual harrasment, (domestic) violence

Reservation

• todo reservation in legislaturecurrent-affairs
• 73rd CAA 1992: Women reservation in Panchayat
  • see also: Impact of 73rd CAA on Women
• 74th CAA 1992: Women reservation in Municipaltodo

Case laws

• Vishakha v State of Raj 1997: guidelines against sexual harassment at workplace
• Sharaya Bano 2017: triple talaq
• Vimala Devi v State of Haryana: appt female police officers to investigate sexual assault cases
• Indian Young Laywer Association v State of Kerala 2018: SC lifted ban on menstruating women into Sabrimala Temple
  • also relates to FR 25(2)(b)

Present Issues

• social norms against women
• unequal access to education
• political underrepresentation
• tech / digital divide
• healthcare disparity
• reproductive rights lacking
• child marriages
  • NFHS 5 (2019-20): 41% WB women b/w 20-24 age were married before 18
• trafficking
  • vulnerable women targeted
• 28,811 cases of crime against women in 2023
  • NCW data
  • max in UP

Working Women

Working Women and Children

Quote

Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow.

Working women too, with a dream of good childcare

• ILO 2018 Study: $>$ 95% of Indian women workers are informal
  • lack affordable service, maternity benefits
• women’s informal work $\to$ feminisation of poverty
• extending the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) infrastructure
• Revitalise the crèche scheme

Link to original