Pondicherry, Chandarnagar (France)

  • after defeat in 1st Indo China War 1946-54, where Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia won independence, French realized decolonization is inevitable
    • negotiations led to integration of Pondicherry & Chandarnagar

Goa (1510), Daman & Diu (1534), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1783)

  • mvmt for independence in Goa, but India did not intervene until 1961 when popular movement demanded help
    • India wanted legitimacy (wish of people)

Operation Vijay 1961

  • Portuguese surrendered without much fight & then integration 🥳

565 PS

  • Instrument of Asseccion (IoA) had legal basis in Section 6 of GoI 1935 and as per Section 6(6) only signature of prince valid for IoA to be valid
  • IoA led to acceding only in 3 subjects and sovereignty to union (rest with Prince)
    • defence
    • communication
    • foreign affairs
  • Butler Committee 1929: promised 565PS to not make them part of India without consent

Merger Agreement

  • signed alongside or after signing IoA and led to accession in all subjects
  • after MA, a PS Indian province (in all aspects)
    • Constitution of India 1950 will govern powers, boders etc
      • eg. Schedule VII