Volcano Types
- Mauna Loa (Hawaii) ➡️ largest shield volcano
- Andesite(Andes mountains) ➡️ strato volcano
- Fuji ➡️ dormant composite volcano
- Yellow stone national park ➡️ super-volcano(catastrophic event)
| Acidic Lava | Basic Lava |
|---|---|
| ⬆️ silica | low silica, high fluid |
| cone shaped (strato) | shield |
| Block Mountains | Fold Mountains |
|---|---|
| - parallel ridges & valleys - chains and ranges | - sharp, rugged terrain - w/ steep cliffs & scarps |
TORS
- smooth surfaced
- rounded boulders
- exfoliation of rocks
- contraction & expansion
Volcanic Topography
Laccolith
- dome shaped
- pipe at bottom
Lopolith
- igneous
- saucer shape
batholith
- lens shaped, igneous
Soils
- Slightly acidic soils
- most fertile for agri
- ⬆️ soil acidity in cold humid climates
- Soils in arid/semi arid
- alkaline
RIVERS
Rhine
- 6 countries
- Alps(switzerland)…src
- liechtenstein
- austria
- germany
- france
- netherlands (North sea - rotterdam)…end
Danube
- 10 countries
- germany
- austria
- slovakia
- hungary
- croatia
- serbia
- bulgaria
- romania
- moldova
- ukraine
- black forest ➡️ black sea
Euphrates
- Western Asia’s longest river
- origin ➡️ Armenian highlands, Turkey
- Syria
- Iraq
- meets w/ Tigris river
- final drainage ➡️ Persian Gulf
Volga
- longest in Europe
- flows into Caspian sea
- world’s longest closed basin
Iron Mines & Location
- Bialadila ➡️ Chhattisgarh
- Noamundi ➡️ Jharkhand
- Baba Budan ➡️ Karnataka
- Badam Pahar ➡️ Odisha