- 1885: Bombay: INC Goal = National Unity
- focus on issues common to all indians
- 1886 rule by Dada Bhai Naroji = INC to take up only political issues and not social & class issues which may cause disunity
- thus only anti british issues
- no hindu muslim, upper-lower class, women, capitalist, zamindar issues
- Communal unity
- 1888: no resolution by INC if majority of muslim members disagree
- 1889: minority clause: reserve ILC, PLC seats for minorities as per % of population
- each session in different location, President was not from region of session
- culture of parliamentary politics
- thus modern politics in true sense began with INC
- Pro indian capitalists wanted IR like west
- capitalists were weak under threat of british imports
- gave the Drain Theory