Procedure
- Art 368 mentions power of parl and procedure for amendment
- addition, variation, removal
- procedure in 368(2)
- can be introduced in either house but passed by both with special majority
- Prez MUST give assent to bill, making it an act (CAA)
- 24th CAA, 1971 mandatory assent
Safeguards to federalism
(Provisio) Art 368(2) - bills amending provisions under subclause a-e shall get approval of atleast half the state legislatures
- distribution of legis/exec powers b/w state center
- legis - Pt. IX Ch I, Sch 7
- exec - Art 73, 162
- provisions of GST council - 279A
- judiciary
- SC (Pt. V, Ch 4)
- HC (PT VI, Ch 5)
- election of prez - Art. 54, 55
- provision of 368 itself
- representation of states in parl (Sch IV)
Procedure in America?
Tougher to amend. Only 27 amendments till date
Method 1
- proposed by 2/3 of both houses of congress
- amendment ratified by 3/4 of state legislatures
Method 2
- if 2/3 states ask Congress to organize convention of state
- 3/4 states at convention pass